Parvovirus: When a simple infection causes myocarditis

Parvovirus has invaded us in Greece in recent months. Although scientists are reassuring, they ask parents to pay attention to their children’s symptoms. As they say, this is a common virus that tends to flare up. Its complexity myocarditis in fact, it has been submitted 4 of 11 children Although not innocent, parvovirus infection is the most common complication in a nursery in northern Greece.

See what pediatricians advise parents

Author: Constantinos Daloukas*

Parvovirus B19 infection is a common childhood disease that mainly affects children but can also affect adults

It is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets and close contact. The infection can cause the following symptoms:

• temperature
• stomach disorders
• headache
• Runny nose
• a characteristic red rash on the face that looks like a slap on the cheek.

In children, the rash may spread to other parts of the body and may be itchy.

Parvovirus: Who is at risk?

The adults Patients infected with parvovirus B19 may experience joint pain, especially in the hands, wrists, knees, and ankles.

for children and parvovirus B19 infection in healthy adults is usually mild and resolves without complications

But people are certain Health problems may be at risk of more serious complications, such as anemia, a weakened immune system, or pregnancy.

In pregnant In women, the infection can cause serious health problems for the fetus, including severe anemia that can lead to miscarriage or stillbirth. In addition, people with blood disorders such as sickle cell disease or sickle cell anemia are at risk of complications due to the virus’ effect on red blood cell production.

Prevention

Includes prevention of parvovirus B19 infection good hygiene practices such as frequent hand washing, avoiding close contact with infected people, and not sharing food or drink.

There is no specific vaccine for this infection, but once a person is infected, they develop lifelong immunity.

Most cases of parvovirus B19 infection in children and healthy adults they retreat Symptoms usually improve within a few weeks, without the need for extensive treatment.

Is there a reason to test a child with parvovirus?

Yes, a child with parvovirus B19 infection should be tested, especially if they have an underlying health condition or are experiencing serious health symptoms. The diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection is usually made through a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory testing.

Clinical assessment

The pediatrician will assess the child’s symptoms, medical history and perform a clinical examination. A characteristic “bump” rash on the cheek is often the main symptom of infection, but may not always be present. A pediatrician may also look for signs of anemia, such as pale skin, fatigue, or shortness of breath.

Laboratory Tests

Several laboratory tests can be used to confirm the diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection:

Serum PVB19-DNA and specific IgM: These tests can determine the presence of the virus in the blood and the body’s immune response to it. Detection of IgM antibodies is a more reliable indicator of recent infection.
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay): This test can detect the presence of anti-PVB19-specific IgM antibodies in the blood, indicating recent infection.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): Known after the coronavirus, this test can detect and diagnose the genetic material of the virus in the blood.

Additional tests:

Depending on the child’s symptoms and medical history, additional tests may be done to rule out other conditions or monitor the effect of the infection on the child’s health. These tests may include:

• General blood test: To assess the child’s blood cell count, including hemoglobin, white blood cells, and platelets.
• Biochemical blood tests: Assess liver and kidney function as well as electrolyte levels.
• Illustrative studies: If the child has heart symptoms, such as a chest X-ray or echocardiogram.

Monitoring

Children with parvovirus B19 infection, especially those with underlying medical conditions, should be monitored closely for signs of complications such as worsening anemia, heart problems, or other organ dysfunction.

Follow-up appointments with the Pediatrician are necessary to ensure adequate recovery of the child and to resolve emerging problems.

In summary, a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory testing is essential for the diagnosis and management of parvovirus B19 infection in children. The specific tests and follow-up required will depend on the child’s individual condition and the severity of the symptoms.

Myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle, can be a complication of parvovirus infection and can present with life-threatening clinical manifestations, including heart failure.

Given the potential severity of myocarditis associated with parvovirus B19 infection in children, troponin testing can help evaluate cardiac arrest, guide treatment decisions, and monitor the child’s response to treatment.

Clinical indications for troponin testing

Diagnostic tool: Troponin levels in the blood can indicate damage to the heart muscle, which is very important for the diagnosis of myocarditis and the assessment of the severity of a heart attack in children with parvovirus B19 infection.
Monitoring: Troponin levels can be monitored over time to monitor the progression of myocarditis and response to treatment.
Risk Stratification: Elevated troponin levels can help stratify risk and determine the need for specific interventions or treatments.

Estimates for troponin testing

Clinical picture: Children with parvovirus B19 myocarditis may present with symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, or signs of heart failure that require further cardiac evaluation.
Diagnostic approach: In the context of suspected parvovirus B19 myocarditis, troponin testing can complement other diagnostic methods such as electrocardiography, echocardiography, and endomyocardial biopsy.
Treatment instructions: Troponin levels can guide treatment decisions, including initiation of therapies aimed at improving cardiac function and outcomes, in children with parvovirus B19-associated myocarditis.

If your child is sick, it is very important to always consult your Pediatrician for a complete evaluation and appropriate treatment based on the child’s clinical picture and presenting symptoms.