Type II diabetes is mostly found in adults, but in recent years it is appearing in younger and younger people.
“Until a few years ago, adipose tissue was thought to be inactive and store energy. In recent years, a lot of work has been done indicating that several substances are secreted from adipose tissue, each of which is individually important. These substances include antiponectin, visfatin and resistin. Studies conducted by the TEFAA laboratory of exercise biochemistry at the University of Thessaly and the Institute of Physical
Performance and Rehabilitation in Trikala emphasize the importance of these substances in the development of diabetes mellitus. Recent data have shown that obese children have significantly lower levels of antiponectin and significantly higher levels of visfatin than children of normal weight and children who exercise.” This is highlighted to the Athens-Macedonia News Agency, among other things, by the recent science of Mr. Athanasios Tziamurtas, TEFAA professor at the University of Thessaly according to the results.
This change in lipoproteins in obese children is similar to that observed in adults with insulin resistance and a predisposition to type II diabetes, but in recent years it has been more pronounced at younger ages. It is possible that at the current stage of their lives, these children did not present significantly increased insulin resistance, but the long-term changes in these lipoproteins create the appropriate metabolic environment for the development of diabetes, he emphasizes.
Secrets of type II diabetes and exercise
But how much exercise is enough, what kind of exercise should be done with food and at what time?
According to the scientist, the latest guidelines of the American Sports Medicine Association (American College of Sports Medicine) indicate that a diabetic patient should do long-term aerobic exercise with rhythmic activities that use large muscle groups 3-7 times a week. Recent recommendations recommend that exercise should be continuous, but under certain conditions, diabetics can also do intense interval training. The time interval between exercises should not exceed two days.
This is suggested because the direct effect of exercise on sugar metabolism is significantly reduced after a 48-hour period. The total duration of weekly exercise is suggested to be at least 150 minutes per week. For upper and lower body muscles, it is recommended to perform 1-3 sets of 8-10 exercises and 10-15 repetitions. It is also recommended that diabetics do flexibility and balance exercises two to three times a week.
It should be emphasized that patients with DM should engage in unstructured activities (eg, housework, gardening, miscellaneous work) to reduce sedentary time, increase energy expenditure, and achieve the ultimate goal of weight loss.
At what time can a diabetic patient exercise compared to meals? Can he do it before or shortly after eating?
According to him, there have been several articles in recent years examining the effect of exercise after a meal on glycemic control, and the results are similar to the effect of exercise before a meal.
Finally, speaking, Mr. Tziamurtas emphasizes with numbers that “according to the latest epidemiological data, more than 537 million people in the world suffer from diabetes in 2021, while the frequency of the disease is constantly increasing with a forecast of 643 for 2030. million and 783 million for 2045. This is mainly due to lifestyle changes, i.e. increasing calorie intake and decreasing physical activity. Today, due to the quality of foods that consume a lot of fat, we have increased daily calorie intake, limited movements and manual work, resulting in a positive energy balance. in some cases even 500 calories a day”.
According to him, the percentage of people suffering from diabetes (DM) reaches 10%.
To emphatically conclude: “People Type 2 SD (T2DM) are usually obese, sedentary and do not follow a proper diet. Before T2DM occurs, people go through a prediabetic state where symptoms are less obvious. To deal with this condition and prevent or slow the onset of T2DM, the suggestion is to change the diet to activate the sugar metabolism, lose weight and exercise. The goal of an exercise program should be to reduce the likelihood of comorbidities with diabetes, improve blood sugar levels (better glycemic control), reduce body weight, and improve the patient’s physical condition.